{"title":"Public Reports","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"pr620-23603-r01-tank-foundation-and-floor-designs-and-best-practices-for-improved-corrosion-control-1","title":"PR620-23603-R01 Tank Foundation and Floor Designs and Best Practices for Improved Corrosion Control","description":"\u003cp\u003eAddressing the threat of corrosion on the floors of aboveground storage tanks (AST) has resulted in a variety of modifications in tank construction, inspection, and maintenance since the 1950s. Traditionally, cathodic protection (CP) systems have been used to provide soil side corrosion protection for ASTs built on-grade. Common industry practice was to build directly on soil or sand pads utilizing ring walls for the foundations. More recently, it is not uncommon to have ASTs that have been newly built or modified utilizing various other foundation designs and materials including designs incorporating multiple floors. In some cases, non-metallic liners have been installed. These may be between the floors within multi-bottom tanks and\/or below the tank pads themselves.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese designs and practices have attributes that can affect the performance of traditional CP systems and monitoring techniques. Additionally, monitoring techniques may result in CP values that do not reflect the true levels of protection applied to the product containing tank floor, thereby masking potential issues, and failing to provide the intended benefit. This research examines the breadth of industry AST designs and modification practices including the applied corrosion control technique and leak detection practices. Inspection results will be reviewed to establish a performance based best practice for each of the newer common tank bottom and pad configurations utilized by member companies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis information is intended for corrosion engineers, tank integrity personnel, inspectors, and facility operators, who can apply these results to improve CP system design, monitoring accuracy, and maintenance decision-making for AST floors.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372214284366,"sku":"372902","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr-218-05404-r01-guidance-for-the-assessment-of-pipeline-defects","title":"PR-218-05404-R01 Guidance for the Assessment of Pipeline Defects","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis document catalogs the analysis methods and computational tools for addressing defects and damage discovered on in-service pipelines. It includes example calculations where closed-form algorithms are available in the public domain. It lists and describes solution techniques not available in the public domain and provides information so that users can either acquire the relevant software or pursue assistance regarding a particular defect assessment technique.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372214317134,"sku":"18085","price":885.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr759-253910-z01-developing-awareness-for-regional-landslide-management-appalachia-region-1","title":"PR759-253910-Z01 Developing Awareness for Regional Landslide Management Appalachia Region","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis report provides a framework to support developing a regional awareness of landslide processes to support pipeline integrity decision making. The framework is demonstrated using data from the Appalachian Plateau. Operator landslide inventories, documented landslide activity, and monitoring data were integrated with public topographic and geologic datasets to delineate land-slide subregions with similar behavior. Displacement trends were evaluated within each subregion, focusing on landslides whose movement and\/or acceleration could be confidently attributed to a single 12-month period. Hydroclimatic conditions were characterized using publicly available datasets including ERA5-LAND soil moisture percentiles, NOAA Stage IV precipitation estimates, and PRISM 30-year normals for normalized precipitation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA key finding for the Appalachia study area is that elevated antecedent soil moisture is consistently associated with increased landslide activity, with accelerations occurring preferentially under high-er fall\/winter soil moisture conditions. Preceding summer soil moisture (July through September) was also identified as a leading indicator of fall\/winter soil moisture. Using summer soil moisture as a leading indicator of fall\/winter conditions can support Operators' seasonal landslide management planning. The report provides a framework, applied to the Appalachia Plateau, that incorporates Operator and publicly available data to assess relationships between landslide activity and hydroclimatic drivers in order to inform seasonal planning and near-term operational decisions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe intended audience are geohazard integrity managers and specialists who need structured and repeatable methodology in which to compare landslide behavior across large areas and across years. Decision-support tools were reviewed with Operators and are provided for regions with relatively short-response times to soil moisture (e.g., Appalachia). More generic examples are also provided to contextualize regions with longer-lag times. For the Appalachia region, an example tool allows geohazard integrity managers to establish thresholds for both preceding summer and winter\/fall soil moisture conditions to establish situational awareness and possibly inform land-slide monitoring and resource allocation decisions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe zip deliverable includes 4 files:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e1. Final Report - PR759-253901-R01 Developing Awareness for Regional Landslide Management Appalachia Region.pdf\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e2. Google Collab Appalachia Prototype Soil Moisture Tool (Jupyter Notebook) - AppendixA_colab.ipynb\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e3. Data - AppendixA_Tool.zip\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e4. PRCI Software EULA.pdf\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372214349902,"sku":"373403","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr214-203805-r02-performance-evaluation-of-ili-systems-for-dents-and-coincident-features","title":"PR214-203805-R02 Performance Evaluation of ILI Systems for Dents and Coincident Features","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis report presents the details of performance trials evaluating the capability of ILI systems to provide pipe-line condition information for dents with coincident or closely aligned features. A set of sample dent features were prepared along with a trial protocol and performance metrics beyond those presented in API 1163 that were used to characterize ILI systems' performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA series of ILI system pull- and pump-through trials of magnetic, ultrasonic (pump-through with liquid couplant), and caliper-based ILI technologies from nine ILI Service Providers were per-formed. Data from these trials were used to quantify detection, identification, and sizing perfor-mance of the ILI systems for isolated corrosion features, dents with variety of shapes including those without coincident features and those with corrosion, gouges and\/or cracks. The effect of dents on the ILI system detection, identification and sizing of the coincident features was evalu-ated.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372214382670,"sku":"281002","price":50.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr719-253823-r01-best-practices-to-validate-emat-performance-1","title":"PR719-253823-R01 Best Practices to Validate EMAT Performance","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is an ultrasonic sensor that, unlike conventional piezoelectric ultrasonics, does not require a liquid couplant to inspect and characterize crack-like defects in steel. Instead, ultrasonic waves are induced in the steel using an electro-magnetic field. Not requiring a liquid couplant makes EMAT In-Line Inspection (ILI) tools suitable for inspecting gas transmission pipelines, and evaluating natural gas pipelines subject to the Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) threat. In this project, a large high-quality data set of EMAT and field-measured SCC in the pipe body was collected from various operators. The sizing performance of the EMAT technology, both from the depth and length perspective, was characterized using the Level 3 methodology described in American Petroleum Institute (API) Recommended Practice (RP) 1163 (1). However, one of the known challenges with API RP 1163 is that it does not capture variability in field measurement between different techniques.\u003c\/p\u003e \n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address this challenge, the data set was evaluated with a partial pooling model to estimate the underlying ILI EMAT performance. The model characterizes performance by partially sharing the underlying ILI EMAT performance across the data subsets, with each subset containing confounders known to influence measurement error, as well as confounders to capture the random error not necessarily captured in the available data. Crack-like anomalies are a complex phenomenon, with non-uniform profiles, axial positions, morphologies, and interacting elements.  It's quite reasonable that two processes accurately measure different parts of the same anomaly resulting in different, but accurate measurements of the same phenomena. As a result, this project came up with a list of recommended best practices for field data collection, to ensure that the data used to validate tool performance is collected consistently and accurately, and that the variability between different operators is reduced.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document aims to help integrity and Non-destructive Examination (NDE) specialists incorporate these guidelines into their procedures, processes, or specifications to improve in-ditch data collection for the purpose of validating EMAT technology performance.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372214415438,"sku":"370428","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"l51851-characterization-of-burst-for-line-grade-steel-pipelines-at-elevated-temperatures-1","title":"L51851 Characterization of Burst for Line-Grade Steel Pipelines at Elevated Temperatures","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn many offshore pipeline applications the hydrocarbons transported are at an elevated temperature (200-400 °F). Often, it is desirable that the line be kept at elevated temperature in order to avoid deposition of paraffin and hydrates which can clog the line. Thus, in many cases the line is insulated. Long-term exposure of steels to elevated temperature changes their mechanical properties including their rate dependence. An issue of concern is how to efficiently design the line against burst. This report contains the results of a study of burst of seamless pipes at elevated temperatures in the range of 75-350 °F (24-177 °C). The main objective of the study was to understand how changes in mechanical properties induced to the steels by elevated temperature affect the burst performance of the pipes. The materials tested are SAF 2507 super duplex and an X-52 line grade steel. The study involved three main tasks. In the first task the stress-strain response of the two materials was measured in uniaxialtests carried out at various temperature levels in the range of 75-425 °F (24-218 °C). At each test temperature stress-strain responses were measured at several strain rates. The second task involved bursting of tubular specimens at different temperatures under controlled conditions. The tubes were machined to precision out of pipe stock to end up with specimens with diameter-to-thickness ratio of 34.7 for SAF 2507 and 34.9 for X-52. Because the emphasis of the study was on the changes caused by elevated temperature on the steel properties and their effect on burst, the D\/t of the test specimens was not varied. The third task involved constitutive modeling of the mechanical behavior of the materials and using them in models of the process of burst to simulate the experiments.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372214480974,"sku":"99651","price":995.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr703-252013-r01-greenhouse-gas-ghg-compendium-1","title":"PR703-252013-R01 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Compendium","description":"\u003cp\u003ePipeline Research Council International launched in 2020 the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategic Research Priority, or GHG SRP. This SRP bridged multiple technical committees, including Com-pressor \u0026amp; Pump Station, Measurement, and Integrity \u0026amp; Inspection. In total, the SRP funded over 30 individual research projects that advanced the state of knowledge and art as related to technol-ogy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the pipeline industry. Despite the unification of pro-jects by objective (i.e., reducing GHG emissions), there exists the risk of losing the collective knowledge and directed effort toward the objective due to individualized nature of each project. Thus, a need exists to collect in summary fashion the high-level summary and conclusions of each individual project in a single document, thereby making all the GHG SRP research accessible through inclusion in this compendium.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe compendium herewith integrates the high-level summaries and major conclusions from each individual project funded through the GHG SRP.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe target audience for this compendium includes a broad range of stakeholders, including entry-level engineers seeking to understand the full scope of GHG emission issues and technologies to abate them, mid-level engineers and decision makers working to develop and deploy technology, and upper-level executives seeking to provide long-term direction to their organization's environ-mental impact mitigation plans and strategies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372214513742,"sku":"370003","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr-015-08605-r02-assessment-of-orifice-meter-flow-measurements-with-low-differential-pressures-blinded","title":"PR-015-08605-R02 Assessment of Orifice Meter Flow Measurements with Low Differential Pressures - Blinded","description":"\u003cp\u003eMeasurement of natural gas flow with an orifice meter is a well-established methodology; however, orifice measurement accuracy is of concern when flow rates are low and the differential pressure (DP) across the orifice is at the extreme low end of common DP transmitter ranges. This research evaluated the performance of multiple types of transmitters in 10-inch and 4-inch orifice meter runs at differential pressures approaching 1 inch of water column (1in H2O), simulating low flow transmission meter stations and depleted production well stations. The results were analyzed to characterize and better understand the uncertainties and measurement errors associated with orifice meters operating with small bore diameters and low DPs. Transmitters tested included typical DP transmitters with stated accuracies of 0.1% of full scale, DP transmitters with stated accuracies as a percent of reading; and high-frequency-response DP transmitters. Data acquisition methods, transmitter technologies, and various calibrated measurement spans were studied for their potential to improve orifice meter accuracy at low DP conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhere low differential pressure measurements are required, it was found that measurement accuracy can be improved by the use of the high accuracy or high-frequency-response transmitters. Transmitters with stated accuracies as a percent of reading demonstrated the best repeatability of all three types studied. The tests described here suggest that data collected using an analog data acquisition protocol produced measurements with better repeatability than data gathered using the HART protocol. However, this may be attributable to a faster data acquisition rate in the analog system. Further work is suggested to identify the root cause of the improved repeatability and determine how it might be applied at field stations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn uncertainty analysis was performed to quantify various sources of error in low DP flow measurements. Sources included measured orifice meter dimensions, measured temperature and pressure, computed gas properties, DP transmitter calibrations, and the reference mass flow rates of the flow facility. The uncertainty in the orifice meter discharge coefficient was found to dominate the overall orifice meter error; contributions of the transmitter uncertainty were a much smaller fraction of the overall uncertainty estimate.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372214546510,"sku":"14897","price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr592-242009-r01-ghg-reduction-at-compressor-stations-using-optimization-with-physics-informed-models","title":"PR592-242009-R01 GHG Reduction at Compressor Stations Using Optimization with Physics-Informed Models","description":"\u003cp\u003eReducing greenhouse gas emission from pipeline compressor stations is a critical challenge for operators. Traditional approaches to emissions reduction often depend on hardware upgrades that require capital investment and downtime. When considering alternative methods for emissions reduction, such as varying the operations of existing equipment, the task is complicated by the diversity of gas turbine and compressor manufacturers and models in service, each with distinct operational characteristics and performance behaviors. Operators need practical tools to identify how to dispatch their existing stations to reduce full and part load greenhouse gas emission without downtime or capital-intensive modifications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis report describes a spreadsheet-based tool developed to meet this need. The tool evaluates station operating conditions and recommends station setpoints that minimize greenhouse gas emissions while meeting throughput requirements and respecting equipment operational constraints. It generates optimized dispatch schedules across available units, identifying how gas flow can be best allocated to minimize greenhouse gas emissions across the station's operational range. The report describes the development and validation of supporting models, the design of the optimization framework, and example case studies demonstrating its application to representative stations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report aims to help pipeline engineers, planners, and operations personnel understand how to deploy the spreadsheet-based tool to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with existing assets. With the developed tool, they can evaluate station performance, develop dispatch schedules, and implement operational strategies that reduce greenhouse gas emission while maintaining station throughput.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe zipped deliverable package, PR592-242009-Z01 GHG Reduction at Compressor Stations Using Optimization with Physics-Informed Models, contains the following files:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\t\u003cp\u003e- Final Report - PR592-242009-R01 GHG Reduction at Compressor Stations Using Optimization with Physics-Informed Models.pdf\u003c\/p\u003e \n\n\t\u003cp\u003e- Optimization Tool User Guide - PR592-242009-M01 GHG Reduction at Compressor Stations Using Optimization with Physics-Informed Models User Guide.pdf\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\t\u003cp\u003e- Excel-based Spreadsheet Optimization Tool - PR592-242009-E01 GHG Reduction at Compressor Stations Using Optimization with Physics-Informed Models.xlsm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\t\u003cp\u003e- Alternate version of the Excel-based Spreadsheet Optimization Tool without compressor map plotting, for compatibility with older excel versions - PR592-242009-E04 GHG Reduction at Compressor Stations Using Optimization with Physics-Informed Models NO MAPS.xlsm\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372214579278,"sku":"336790","price":300.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr676-233801-r09-pipe-vulnerability-analysis-methodology-1","title":"PR676-233801-R09 Pipe Vulnerability Analysis Methodology","description":"\u003cp\u003eContinuous buried pipelines are generally required to traverse long distances and as such, inevitably pass through unstable landforms which may impart critical levels of stress beyond the intrinsic capacity of the pipelines. The deformational response of buried pipelines subject to relative ground movement is strongly influenced by the geotechnical properties of the immediate backfill and surrounding soil, the size and direction of the soil movement in which the pipeline is embedded, as well as mechanical soil-pipe interaction behavior.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith respect to the mode of deformation, relative ground movement may be classified as transient ground deformation (TGD) or permanent ground deformation (PGD). Studies show that pipelines are more susceptible to brittle fracture due to cyclic loading when subjected to TGD whereas, under PGD, they tend to exhibit a more ductile response. The orientation of the moving soil mass relative to the pipe axis is a major factor that determines the deformational response of a buried pipeline under PGD: transverse and oblique PGD tend to induce predominantly bending strains while longitudinal PGD is more likely to induce axial tension and compression close to the margins of the PGD zone.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuctile behavior in metallic pipelines is characterized by a definitive yield point in the stress-strain curve beyond which the pipe material experiences a significant loss of stiffness (i.e., significantly less loading capacity relative to material deformation); hence, strain-based design and assessment (SBDA) methodology is well suited to account for geohazard-related failure mechanisms in pipelines subjected to landslides. Pipeline vulnerability evaluation relies on the SBDA methodology as it represents the limit state function which describes the relationship between the strain demand on the pipeline and the strain capacity of the pipeline.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe applicability of the vulnerability analysis method presented in this report is limited to strain demand in the tensile region of the pipe; where non-bending strains are more likely to initiate cracking. Finite element models of seven real-world cases were simulated using a commercial finite element analysis (FEA) software package, ABAQUS CAE (version 2019), and the resultant axial strains in the tensile zones of the models were compared to the strain demand predicted using the analytical methods outlined in this report. The results showed reasonable correlation between the FEA results and the analytically predicted strain demand. Appropriate implementation of the vulnerability analysis methodology presented herein requires subject matter and state of the art familiarity to determine the appropriate margin of safety to account for differences between real word soil-pipe interaction and the simplified assumptions inherent in the strain demand models.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372214612046,"sku":"319120","price":50.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr015-23604-r01-improving-leak-detection-technology-performance-through-retrofittable-sensors-1","title":"PR015-23604-R01 Improving Leak Detection Technology Performance through Retrofittable Sensors","description":"\u003cp\u003eImproving the detection and quantification of leaks on pipelines continues to be a priority for operators and regulators. A key tool leveraged by the pipeline industry is the use of computational pipeline monitoring (CPM) systems. These systems utilize various measurements along pipeline segments to detect anomalous conditions. One constraint of these systems is the availability of high-quality data from instrumentation along the pipeline.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis project investigated the feasibility of increasing the performance of CPM systems by using sensors that can be retrofit to existing pipelines. The project approach is to determine the current industry need through a literature review and survey, generate a list of currently available sensors, and develop a testing protocol.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal of this project is to provide PRCI member companies with an understanding of the sensors that are available, their measurement ranges and sensitivities, a broad understanding of the integration costs of the sensors, and a testing and validation protocol that will be used for a subsequent phase of this program.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372214644814,"sku":"368400","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr644-223604-r01-monitoring-long-term-compatibility-of-vcis-and-cp-1","title":"PR644-223604-R01 Monitoring Long-Term Compatibility of VCIs and CP","description":"\u003cp\u003eSeveral tank operators have been using vapor corrosion inhibitors (VCIs) as a corrosion control measure for the tank bottom for reasons including partial or complete failure of the existing cathodic protection (CP) system, presence of soil-side corrosion indications even with an active CP, in tanks with double bottoms where CP current distribution is insufficient due to the proximity of the anode to the second bottom, and when operators want to increase the inspection intervals to reduce the life-cycle maintenance cost. Objective of this research was to quantify the interactions between VCI and CP and associated components and evaluate validated technologies and processes to monitor the corrosion conditions under the bottoms of the breakout tanks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis research comprised of field testing utilizing in-service VCI-treated ASTs, laboratory testing and evaluations, and analysis of large amount of monitoring data collected from the VCI-treated tanks. Various corrosion control monitoring methods were evaluated as part of the field testing in the VCI-treated tanks. The monitoring data from field testing was used to develop guidelines for VCI monitoring and to establish VCI reinjection requirements. Large-scale experiments with active CP were used to determine the VCI dispersion range in highly corrosive conditions, and to determine the effects of VCI on the anode current output. VCI dispersion range is several tens of feet, and VCIs do not affect anode current output. The CP rectifier data collected for tanks treated with VCIs indicated that the rectifier current output before- and after-VCI are not affected by the VCIs. A limited analysis of the VCI-treated tanks indicated that VCIs seem to be effective in mitigating soil-side corrosion, and the VCI-treated corrosion mitigation is equivalent to the tanks with effective CP. Experimental data also indicated that use of VCI in tanks with active CP could help improve the CP current distribution. The intended audiences of the work documented in this report include AST operators across multiple industries, such as midstream operators and crude oil refineries.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372214841422,"sku":"368378","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr015-253911-r01-external-leak-detection-systems-on-liquid-hydrocarbon-pipelines-1","title":"PR015-253911-R01 External Leak Detection Systems on Liquid Hydrocarbon Pipelines","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe safe and efficient transportation of liquid hydrocarbons is essential to the U.S. economy. Pipe-lines remain the most cost-effective and secure transportation option; however, undetected leaks can cause significant economic, environmental, and reputational harm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis project addresses the potential impact of undetected leaks by creating a literature review and technology assessments highlighting the advancements in external hydrocarbon leak detection technology achieved in the past two decades. The goal is to provide updated information on the capabilities of available external leak detection technologies and guidelines on methodologies that can be used to select an external leak detection technology for a field application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document aims to help field operators incorporate this information into their selection process when selecting an appropriate external leak detection technology for their pipeline application. The document includes a full review on current literature, assessments on 12 external leak detec-tion technologies, a down selection guide, and summary of gaps in the current knowledgebase to help improve the operator technology selection process while reducing the risk of undetected leaks.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372214906958,"sku":"369021","price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr244-243907-z01-analytical-prediction-of-leak-events-and-detection-using-historical-data-1","title":"PR244-243907-Z01 Analytical Prediction of Leak Events and Detection Using Historical Data","description":"\u003cp\u003eUnintentional methane releases from natural gas pipelines introduce environmental, health and safety, financial, and reputational risks for pipeline operators. The need for swift leak detection is essential to mitigate these risks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis work builds actionable insights to improve gas pipeline leak detection through the analysis of historical leak incident information. A review of commercially available leak detection techniques was performed to identify candidates to fill potential technology gaps. Leak incident records were collected across various sources and then collated, cleaned, and evaluated for analysis. The collated dataset was analyzed to identify relationships among pipeline, leak, and detectability characteristics for the development of key insights. A predictive model based on these insights was developed to quantitively assess various leak detection approaches.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document aims to provide operators with techniques and insights to optimize leak detection resources through an increased understanding of the contributing factors that lead to high priority leaks. The collated dataset along with insights and the predictive model is delivered for operator use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe zipped deliverable contains the following two items:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e1. PR244-243907-R01 Analytical Prediction of Leak Events and Detection Using Historical Data Final Report\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e2. PR244-243907-E01 Collated Data Deliverable\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372214939726,"sku":"369250","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr757-233808-r01-non-destructive-testing-and-evaluation-of-defects-using-ultrasonic-mode-imaging-1","title":"PR757-233808-R01 Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation of Defects Using Ultrasonic Mode Imaging","description":"\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest challenges faced by pipeline owners and operators is corrosion in pipelines, which is most prevalent from the wellhead to the refinery and in storage facilities due to entrained moisture. Current Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation (NDT\u0026amp;E) methods used by pipeline owners and operators, such as Ultrasonic Testing (UT), are effective but are invasive, time consuming, and costly. These customers need an effective technical solution and a more cost-effective approach to inspect their pipelines for corrosion and defects that do not require use of pigs or cause disruption to operations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document describes the fundamental research carried out to demonstrate the technical feasibility of applying Ultrasonic Mode Imaging (UMI) technology to guided waves for buried pipe inspection, and presents the results obtained, conclusions drawn, and recommendations made. The work performed incorporated the cylindrical geometry of the pipe into the analysis, newly developed data acquisition electronics, and cutting-edge image processing to improve measurement capabilities. The UMI approach has resulted in much higher resolution thickness measurements from guided waves, leading to the tomographic imaging of plate structures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eResults have shown that UMI can augment current NDT\u0026amp;E capabilities for difficult-to-inspect piping, including short, hard-to-access lines. The overall benefit to pipeline owners and operators is that the results of this research project provide the foundation for an effective system that could interrogate their pipelines, including long runs of buried piping, externally (non-invasively) while in service and reveal wall thinning (both internal and external) which could affect the safety or integrity of the pipelines.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215005262,"sku":"369449","price":1000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr764-243904-z01-leak-detection-database-repository-framework-1","title":"PR764-243904-Z01 Leak Detection Database Repository Framework","description":"\u003cp\u003ePipeline operators and researchers face persistent challenges in detecting, analyzing, and learning from pipeline leak events due to fragmented data, inconsistent schemas, and limited mechanisms for secure data sharing. Operational time series, physical pipeline attributes, fluid properties, and contextual incident details are often stored in disconnected formats that are difficult to integrate, reproduce, or reuse for simulation, analysis, and research. These challenges are compounded by industry concerns around data privacy, security, and loss of control when sharing sensitive opera-tional information, limiting collaboration, and slowing progress in leak detection methodologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document presents the design and implementation of a comprehensive Leak Detection Data-base Repository Framework intended to standardize how pipeline system and incident data are archived, managed, and shared. The framework defines a normalized relational data model encom-passing core pipeline entities including companies, pipelines, nodes, externals, pipes, profiles, valves and valve curves, pumps, sensors, fluids and fluid properties, time series, data quality indi-cators, and leak events with clearly defined primary and foreign key relationships. A unified mod-eling language (UML) entity-relationship diagram is provided to visually convey the system ar-chitecture and interdependencies that support leak detection analysis and pipeline simulation, in-cluding real-time transient models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary audience for this document includes leak detection stakeholders and researchers re-sponsible for capturing and managing pipeline operational and incident data. Secondary audiences include academic researchers, leak detection algorithm developers, software vendors, and industry consortia members seeking standardized, high-quality datasets for modeling, validation, and inno-vation in leak detection and pipeline monitoring. In daily operations, practitioners can use this framework to consistently archive leak events along with the full physical, operational, and con-textual description of the pipeline at the time of the incident.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis zipped deliverable contains the following items:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e1. PR764-243904-R01 Leak Detection Database Repository Framework: Final Report.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e2. PR764-243904-E01 APIMLX Pipeline Data API Documentation.html: Document with docu-mented code, example workflow of doing ETL on data, and creating database.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e3. PR764-243904-E02 SQL Coder DB Integration.html: Document example of local LLM use of gptPipeline.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e4. PR764-243904-E03 Stored Procedure.html: Document with stored procedure to query all data for specific company and pipeline.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215070798,"sku":"368528","price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr676-233801-z04-risk-treatment-strategies-for-circumferential-cracking-1","title":"PR676-233801-Z04 Risk Treatment Strategies for Circumferential Cracking","description":"\u003cp\u003ePipeline operators who are managing the threat of circumferential cracking in areas of active ground movement have the unusual challenge of having know-how to repair pipe wall conditions and remediate unstable slopes without a clear target for where or when such intervention may be warranted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs a measure towards targeting circumferential cracking susceptibility, NDE-4-24 Framework Deliverable 3 \"Circumferential Crack Hazard POF Analysis Process\", demonstrates how to calculate the probability of failure for circumferential cracking based on macroscopic landslide inter-action and site parameters. While the resulting probability of failure estimates are valuable in terms of evaluating acceptability and prioritizing sites for risk treatment, a follow-on process is needed to deterministically resolve contributing factors at a scale where remediation can be formulated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Risk Treatment Strategies for Circumferential Cracking provide guidance for evaluating risk, investigations for uncertainty reduction, determining a Risk Reduction Decision Type to inform selection of a risk reduction approach, and the full depth and variety of risk reduction options that can be deployed, subject to ranges of applicability. The objective is to maintain a suitable margin of safety for pipe wall integrity by undertaking appropriate and timely treatment of the circumferential cracking threat and causal ground movement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis zip file contains 2 items:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e1. PR676-233801-R04 Risk Treatment Strategies for Circumferential Cracking (Final report)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e2. PR676-233801-E04 ILI Vendor RFI Responses and Novel Technologies for Circumferential Crack\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215103566,"sku":"337802","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr457-257002-r01-integrated-review-for-wellbore-plugging-systems-1","title":"PR457-257002-R01 Integrated Review for Wellbore Plugging Systems","description":"\u003cp\u003eWellbore plugs are critical subsurface barriers used to isolate permeable formations, prevent fluid and gas migration, and ensure long-term well integrity during temporary suspension and permanent abandonment. Plugging performance has increasingly been challenged by cyclic pressure-temperature loading, complex well architectures, and evolving regulatory expectations, particularly in underground natural gas storage and hydrocarbon storage wells, where repeated injection-withdrawal cycles impose sustained mechanical and hydraulic demands on barrier systems. At present, guidance on plugging materials, design principles, verification methods, and regulatory requirements remains fragmented across standards, jurisdictions, and technical literature, making it difficult for practitioners to consistently design, evaluate, and justify reliable barrier systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document provides an integrated review of wellbore plugging systems, synthesizing regulatory frameworks, industry practices, material technologies, and governing mechanical and hydraulic principles. It surveys temporary and permanent plugging applications, reviews cementitious and non-cementitious materials, examines key design parameters influencing sealability and durability, and summarizes integrity testing and verification techniques. Emerging materials and innovative plugging approaches are discussed alongside established cement systems, and persistent knowledge gaps are identified with respect to cyclic loading, interface mechanics, and long-term performance assessment. The review is structured to connect regulatory requirements with engineering design logic and material behavior, providing a coherent framework for understanding plug performance across operational contexts\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe target audience includes petroleum engineers, well integrity specialists, regulators, and researchers involved in well design, operation, suspension, and abandonment. Practicing engineers can use this document to inform plug selection, design justification, and integrity verification strategies under site-specific conditions. Regulators and policymakers may use it as a reference to compare regulatory approaches and assess performance-based criteria. Researchers can leverage the identified gaps and mechanistic discussions to guide future experimental and modeling studies aimed at improving the reliability of wellbore barrier systems.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215136334,"sku":"338752","price":300.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr764-233904-r01-technical-best-practice-for-computational-pipeline-monitoring-on-liquid-pipelines-1","title":"PR764-233904-R01 Technical Best Practice for Computational Pipeline Monitoring on Liquid Pipelines","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe need for pipeline operators to be able to detect leaks from their pipelines is critical for health, safety, and environmental reasons as well as for concerns of corporate reputation. It is also, in many jurisdictions, compulsory under pipeline safety regulations. An impediment to filling this need is the steep learning curve involved in establishing an effective leak detection program.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document addresses this need by providing operators of single-phase liquid pipelines with the necessary background and guidance for developing a technical understanding of how to identify, evaluate, implement, operate and maintain Computational Pipeline Monitoring (CPM) leak detection technology in accordance with API RP 1130 (1) and related regulatory requirements. CPM is the most widely used leak detection tool in the industry and is the natural starting point for a new leak detection program.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis work is intended to provide operators with little or no prior CPM experience with fundamental background and guidance needed to prepare their infrastructure, evaluate CPM technologies, and begin development of a leak detection program. The material is intended to support early program readiness and serve as a foundational step prior to implementation of API RP 1175 (2). While less experienced operators are the primary target of this work, operators with mature leak detection programs represented on the project committee recognized that it is also useful for onboarding new leak detection staff and to aid in communicating leak detection requirements to other stakeholders in their organizations.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215169102,"sku":"368530","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr186-233806-z01-protocol-for-prci-pipe-sample-evaluation-and-documentation-1","title":"PR186-233806-Z01 Protocol for PRCI Pipe Sample Evaluation and Documentation","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe PRCI Technology Development Center (TDC) is an industry-leading test facility developed to improve pipeline integrity and help the pipeline industry achieve its goal of zero safety and environmental incidents. The TDC consists of an area for flow loop push-through testing, a winch system for pull-through string testing, storage space for pipe donations by pipeline companies, offices, meeting rooms, and workshop space.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe TDC has a growing inventory of pipe samples that can be utilized in PRCI and third-party research programs.  When pipe samples are donated to the TDC, the information that is known and available for the pipe is generally documented. However, PRCI recognizes that for these pipe samples to be utilized effectively in research programs, key information must be documented and made available to prospective researchers. Consequently, PRCI retained DNV to develop procedures for properly documenting and collecting additional data (e.g., from non-destructive examination (NDE)) on donated pipe samples for use in research on crack-like flaws.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document contains procedures for documenting and collecting data on donated samples that are traceable, verifiable, and complete. The procedures establish what data is available for a given pipe sample. They are intended to not be overly burdensome for donating companies. By following the procedures, data for pipe samples will be readily accessible and consistent so that samples can be quickly and efficiently utilized in research programs. This document is written for PRCI-funded research programs. However, any parties seeking pipe samples from the TDC inventory may use the information provided. Deviations from this procedure are permissible with written approval from the PRCI Project Manager.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215267406,"sku":"366814","price":1000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr186-233805-r01-protocol-for-testing-new-technologies-at-the-tdc-1","title":"PR186-233805-R01 Protocol for Testing New Technologies at the TDC","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) Technology Development Center (TDC) is a test facility that consists of an area for flow loop testing, a winch system for pull-through string testing, storage space for pipe donated by pipeline companies, offices, meeting rooms, and work-shop space. There have been a series of flow loop and pull string tests, which are the most common uses for fully characterized pipe, conducted at the TDC as a part of many projects that have been managed by different test coordinators and pipeline companies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document is a standard procedure for performing flow loop and pull string tests at the TDC. It compiles best practices and lessons learned and provides a consistent framework for technology validation and enhancement.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215300174,"sku":"366954","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"l51977-initiation-of-near-neutral-ph-scc-and-implications-for-pipeline-operators-gri-02-239","title":"L51977 Initiation of Near-neutral pH SCC and Implications for Pipeline Operators GRI-02-0239","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe objectives for the current study were two-fold: 1. to determine the factors leading to the initiation of near-neutral pH SCC under realistic field conditions, and 2. to determine the factors controlling the early-stage growth and the development of crack colonies under realistic field conditions. As emphasized in the two objectives, a key aspect of this study was to be able to relate the behaviour observed in the laboratory to that in the field. Particular attention, therefore, was paid to the selection of (i) appropriate grades of steel and surface condition, (ii) relevant mechanical loading conditions, and (iii) realistic environmental conditions. Because of the potentially large number of parameters that could influence crack initiation, the current study focussed particularly on the effects of mechanical loading.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215332942,"sku":"99723","price":1000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr015-242008-z01-recompression-system-best-practice-guideline-1","title":"PR015-242008-Z01 Recompression System Best Practice Guideline","description":"\u003cp\u003ePipeline operators are under increasing pressure to minimize methane emissions from pipeline blowdowns. The draft methane regulations from Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) have required operators to minimize operational blowdowns. Both the US and Canada have also implemented carbon pricing on methane emissions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eHistorically, turbine driven centrifugal or multi-stage reciprocating mobile transfer compression packages have been used by operators to minimize methane emissions from pipeline blowdowns. However, they can only draw the pipeline pressure to approximately 200 psig. The remainder of the gas in the pipeline is then either vented to the atmosphere or flared. These leftover volumes can range between 0.5 to 15 MMSCF. For context, 15 MMSCF is equivalent to 8,000 tCO2e worth of emissions and $640k worth of carbon tax payment in Canada.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile technically feasible solutions exist, the real barrier is economic. Current options for full mobile transfer compression or package combination that can evacuate large volumes (~40 MMSCF+) to near-zero pressure are limited and costly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address this, project member companies were surveyed for recompression data during their day-to-day operations. This data was compiled and incorporated into the conceptual design of cost-effective packages aimed at maximizing value without compromising throughput. Major components in each package were selected, sized, and costed. A technoeconomic tool was developed to assist pipeline operators in assessing the technical and economic tradeoffs of each package. Each package was then evaluated using this tool to assess its competitiveness against existing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) recompression units. Two versions of this tool (i.e., SI and English units) are included with this report and available for use under the terms of the PRCI spreadsheet end user license agreement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document is intended to serve as a guideline that provides recommendations on engineering practices for natural gas pipeline recompression. It provides pipeline operators with a framework for assessing the technical and economic feasibility of using recompression units to draw down natural gas pipelines. These guidelines are primarily intended for midstream and downstream pipeline operators, including transmission pipeline operators, storage facility operators, and distribution pipeline operators.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215464014,"sku":"338881","price":300.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr244-231111-r01-implementing-fiber-optic-technology-for-underground-gas-storage-well-monitoring-1","title":"PR244-231111-R01 Implementing Fiber Optic Technology for Underground Gas Storage Well Monitoring","description":"\u003cp\u003eConventional well integrity inspection requires frequent well entry, which not only introduces additional well integrity risks due to the invasive nature of the workover activities but also adds significant cost to the inspection process. Taking active underground gas storage (UGS) wells out of service for direct inspection can also strain natural gas deliverability and the ability of the storage system to meet the market demand. Distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technology offers the benefit of continuous measurement along the entire length of the fiber optic cable without frequent well entry and may potentially reduce the cost in well integrity management.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis report describes a comprehensive research program that investigated various DFOS technologies through a literature review, a review of past research programs, and full-scale laboratory tests. A comprehensive understanding of the capabilities and limitations of various DFOS technologies for UGS well monitoring applications was established. This should assist UGS operators in developing a reliable solution for using DFOS technology as an alternative well integrity monitoring method that allows the intervals for mechanical integrity tests or traditional well inspections, as specified by regulators, to be extended.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document aims to provide technical references to assist UGS operators improve their ability to make informed decisions regarding incorporating DFOS technologies into UGS well integrity monitoring.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215496782,"sku":"328073","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr363-256006-r01-data-driven-models-for-flow-measurement-instrumentation-1","title":"PR363-256006-R01 Data Driven Models for Flow Measurement Instrumentation","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe reliability of recalibration intervals for flow measurement instrumentation is critical to maintaining measurement confidence and operational efficiency in pipeline and process measurement systems. Current industry practice typically relies on fixed, time-based recalibration schedules that do not explicitly account for instrument stability, diagnostic capability, or historical performance, which can result in inefficient calibration practices.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document addresses the application of data-driven approaches for defining recalibration and verification intervals for pressure transmitters, ultrasonic flowmeters, and Coriolis flowmeters. The objective is to evaluate how historical calibration data, field proving data, and available diagnostic information can be used to support recalibration strategies that move beyond fixed calendar-based intervals while maintaining measurement assurance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document aims to help asset integrity engineers, metering engineers, and measurement specialists incorporate data-driven recalibration concepts into internal procedures and specifications. It provides guidance on the types of data required, analytical frameworks that may be applied, and key considerations for implementation to support consistent, evidence-based calibration management practices.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215529550,"sku":"339716","price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr363-256007-r01-installation-effects-on-electromagnetic-flowmeters-1","title":"PR363-256007-R01 Installation Effects on Electromagnetic Flowmeters","description":"\u003cp\u003eElectromagnetic flowmeters are increasingly used to measure produced water and fresh water in oil and gas operations, yet uncertainty remains regarding installation effects, calibration practices, and suitability for custody-transfer and allocation service. This report reviews the current application of electromagnetic flow measurement based on a comprehensive assessment of manufacturer guidance, peer-reviewed literature, and industry standards. It summarizes established best practices, identifies gaps in existing guidance and data, and provides practical recommendations for meter selection, installation, and calibration. An evaluation framework is also proposed to support future performance testing. The findings are intended to support operators, metering engineers, and standards bodies in improving measurement confidence and consistency, and to inform the development of API MPMS guidance on electromagnetic flow measurement.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215562318,"sku":"338575","price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr727-257001-z01-underground-storage-failure-and-near-miss-trending-practical-applications-1","title":"PR727-257001-Z01 Underground Storage Failure and Near Miss Trending - Practical Applications","description":"\u003cp\u003eOperators of underground storage (UGS) facilities rely on accurate and reliable failure and near miss data as a resource to understand existing or emerging threats and to identify where additional research may be needed to enhance safety and reliability at these facilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis report describes the contents of a comprehensive Microsoft (MS) Excel database of under-ground storage (UGS) failure and near miss incidents. The database captures underground storage-related incidents from depleted oil \u0026amp; gas reservoir, aquifer, and salt cavern facilities in the United States, Canada, and Europe sourced from publicly available literature and participating, anonymous operators. This report is an update of Contract PR727-23700 that was finalized July 11, 2024. This report includes new failure and near miss incidents since the original report's publication date, additional database fields, and normalized incident rates that can be used for hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies and risk analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document aims to help subsurface engineers, well integrity specialists, and risk managers involved in UGS operations understand and improve key practices involved in the design, construction, operations, maintenance, and integrity management of underground storage assets through trending and lessons learned from the reported incidents. PRCI, through a pilot program, will be converting the MS Excel database deliverable from this project into an online, searchable database hosted by PRCI. The online database can then be used by member companies to continually populate the UGS failure and near miss database with new incidents, perform queries to identify trends, and use the information to help justify integrity management actions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA spreadsheet and corresponding End User License Agreement (EULA) is included in the document.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215726158,"sku":"338503","price":400.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr378-173601-r01-effect-of-pressure-fluctuations-on-the-growth-rate-of-near-neutral-ph-scc-1","title":"PR378-173601-R01 Effect of Pressure Fluctuations on the Growth Rate of Near-Neutral pH SCC","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis report summarizes the work completed in PRCI SCC-2-12A project: The Effect of Pressure Fluctuations on the Growth Rate of Near-Neutral pH SCC, which is Phase 3 of the work on the same subject of investigation. The following insights from the current phase of the PRCI SCC-2-12A project are thought to be the most important:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\t\u003cp\u003e- Near neutral pH crack initiation is pressure-fluctuation dependent. Severe pressure fluctuations accelerate the fracture and spallation of mill scale on the pipeline steel surfaces, making it harder to initiate SCC cracks from the bottom of pits that are developed at flawed mill scale sites. On the other hand, the presence of a primer layer before application of the protective coating preserves the mill scale on the pipe steel surface and promotes crack initiation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\t\u003cp\u003e- The early-stage crack growth primarily features crack length extension on the pipe surface but limited crack growth in the depth direction. Three different mechanisms of crack length extension have been identified, including that determined by the geometry of coating disbondment, a chaotic process of crack coalescence, and the ability of existing cracks to induce further crack initiation and growth. This latter process is pressure-fluctuation sensitive.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\t\u003cp\u003e- A complete set of equations governing crack growth in Stage 2 has been established based on experimental specimens with surface cracks under mechanical loading conditions realistic to pressure fluctuations during the operation of oil and gas pipelines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\t\u003cp\u003e- The contribution to crack growth by direct dissolution of the steel at the crack tip has been determined, which has been found to be crack depth-dependent and pressure-fluctuation-sensitive. Gas pipelines operated under high mean pressure show higher rates of dissolution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\t\u003cp\u003e- The severity of crack growth and the accuracy of the predictive model can be significantly affected by crack tip morphology, either sharp or blunt, and this would yield different threshold values for Stage 2 crack growth and therefore different lengths of remaining life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\t\u003cp\u003e- Full scale testing was performed and has validated the crack growth models contained herein.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\t\u003cp\u003e- The PipeOnline software has been revised to incorporate the new experimental results obtained from the current PRCI SCC 2-12A project. This PipeOnline software was previously developed from the two earlier phases of the PRCI project.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215758926,"sku":"217243","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr000-22605-r05-reliable-methods-for-pipeline-inventory-calculations-1","title":"PR000-22605-R05 Reliable Methods for Pipeline Inventory Calculations","description":"\u003cp\u003eCalculating an accurate inventory of a product inside a pipeline system is critical to accurately estimating pipeline leak\/loss for computational pipeline monitoring and lost and unaccounted methods. This document describes methods to calculate pipeline inventory for systems transporting single phase liquid and gaseous products. Several pitfalls with the current methods and common practices are identified along with enhancements and recommendations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe enhanced methods identified include methods to better account for transient conditions on gaseous pipelines that are more accurate than steady state methods but are simpler to implement than full transient pipeline models and produce nearly the same level of accuracy for single phase products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe target audience for this document are measurement accounting specialists, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) integrators, and software suppliers of measurement accounting systems, leak detection systems, and SCADA systems\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215791694,"sku":"338311","price":50.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr000-22605-r04-methods-to-reduce-the-threshold-of-detection-of-identifying-leaks-1","title":"PR000-22605-R04 Methods to Reduce the Threshold of Detection of Identifying Leaks","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn pipeline systems, whether gas or liquid, achieving a perfect balance between inbound and outbound volume, mass, or energy is unattainable due to measurement uncertainties, operational noise, and accounting errors. This report introduces advanced analytic methods which aid in getting closer to the 'perfect balance' by identifying specific meters contributing to balance discrepancies and by improving the accuracy of estimating the inventory of the product in the pipeline.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy reducing measurement uncertainty, operators can enhance leak detection sensitivity and pinpoint where efforts should be focused to address specific measurement problems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe methods developed in this effort have been validated using double-blind simulated data and tested against a real dataset. Enhancements to reduce measurement uncertainty allow lost and unaccounted methods to reliably identify leaks, theft, and other unexpected or unaccounted-for product loss. These methods also support the ability to find smaller leaks using online leak detection systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe target audience for this document is Measurement technicians, Measurement specialists, Measurement accountants, and Leak detection experts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document also makes a good primer for individuals that are new to product measurement in the pipeline industry.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215857230,"sku":"338307","price":50.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr335-233813-r02-performance-study-of-ili-capabilities-for-hard-spot-anomalies","title":"PR335-233813-R02 Performance Study of ILI Capabilities for Hard Spot Anomalies","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis report evaluates the effectiveness of four repair methods selected by PRCI members in repairing hard spot features. This is completed by performing finite element analysis (FEA) for each repair method and comparing them to an unrepaired hard spot. This analysis compares the tensile hoop stresses within the hard spot which may result in crack formation, as well as the stress intensities after a crack initiates at various lengths.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215889998,"sku":"331773","price":50.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr593-22700-s02-brine-string-dynamics-configuration-4-installer-1","title":"PR593-22700-S02 Brine String Dynamics Configuration 4 Installer","description":"\u003cp\u003ePR593-22700-S02 Brine String Dynamics Configuration 4 Installer\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTwo operational configurations of brine strings have been considered, resulting in two separate software packages: discharging brine string (Configuration 3) and aspirating brine string (Configuration 4). The software is intended to provide estimates of the maximum brine withdrawal velocity for preventing potentially damaging flow-induced deformation of the concentric hanging string in a solution-mined cavern well. Configuration 4 Stability Analysis Software is applicable to the condition when liquid or liquified hydrocarbon product is injected into the well annulus between the hanging string and the cemented production casing and brine is withdrawn from the hanging string.\u003c\/p\u003e  \n\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary audience for this work includes engineers, operators, and researchers responsible for the design and safe operation of underground storage facilities. This tool enables engineers to evaluate the effects of geometry, material properties, fluid characteristics, and operating conditions on brine string stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe packaged software provides an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI), options for SI and US customary units, typical-value presets, and visualization tools, including Argand diagrams of eigenvalue trajectories. Together with the user manual and technical report, the software constitutes a practical deliverable to guide the safe operation of brine strings in cavern-based storage systems.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215955534,"sku":"337378","price":1000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr593-22700-s01-brine-string-dynamics-configuration-3-installer-1","title":"PR593-22700-S01 Brine String Dynamics Configuration 3 Installer","description":"\u003cp\u003ePR593-22700-S01 Brine String Dynamics Configuration 3 Installer\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTwo operational configurations of brine strings have been considered, resulting in two separate software packages: discharging brine string (Configuration 3) and aspirating brine string (Configuration 4). Both packages apply Galerkin's method for eigenvalue analysis to predict critical flow velocities and identify instability modes in fluid-conveying pipes subjected to simultaneous internal and external flows. In both configurations, the latest version advances its previous release by incorporating a dual-fluid model and the effect of an interface level, explicitly capturing the transition from product to brine along the pipe from the clamped end to the free end.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary audience for this work includes engineers, operators, and researchers responsible for the design and safe operation of underground storage facilities. This tool enables engineers to evaluate the effects of geometry, material properties, fluid characteristics, and operating conditions on brine string stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe packaged software provides an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI), options for SI and US customary units, typical-value presets, and visualization tools, including Argand diagrams of eigenvalue trajectories. Together with the user manual and technical report, the software constitutes a practical deliverable to guide the safe operation of brine strings in cavern-based storage systems.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372215988302,"sku":"337376","price":1000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr593-22700-r01-predictive-tool-for-critical-velocity-for-configuration-3-and-5","title":"PR593-22700-R01 Predictive Tool for Critical Velocity for Configuration 3 and 4","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis report describes the work done at McGill University under contract with PRCI and Solution Mining Research Institute (SMRI) on modeling the dynamics of the brine string in solution-mined caverns in salt formations, under excitation by the internal fluid flow and reverse external axial flow around the brine string. Specifically, two flow configurations are studied: Configuration 3, in which the fluid flows down the brine string, discharging at its free end; this forces fluid in the cavern to flow upwards in the annulus around the upper end of the string. In Configuration 4, the flow directions are reversed. Modeling for Configurations 3 and 4 has been successfully completed, predicting the critical flow velocities leading to instability of the brine string, and pertinent software has been generated and tested. In both configurations, the brine string, well, and cavern are represented as a dual-fluid system, with brine and product separated at an interface level.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary audience for this work includes engineers, operators, and researchers responsible for the design and safe operation of underground storage facilities. This tool enables engineers to evaluate the effects of geometry, material properties, fluid characteristics, and operating conditions on brine string stability.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372216021070,"sku":"337362","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr-000-road-2026a-prci-public-research-roadmap-2026","title":"PR-000-ROAD-2026A PRCI Public Research Roadmap 2026","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn outline of pipeline research currently underway as well as a prospectus of work to be initiated over the next three years.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372216086606,"sku":"280592","price":25.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr727-243814-r01-state-of-nde-technologies-able-to-measure-or-predict-seam-and-pipe-body-toughness-1","title":"PR727-243814-R01 State of NDE Technologies Able to Measure or Predict Seam and Pipe Body Toughness","description":"\u003cp\u003eToughness is an important consideration in fitness-for-service assessments of imperfections in pipe base metal and seams. Various descriptors of toughness are used, but traditionally, all have re-quired destructive testing to quantify toughness. This report summarizes the current and anticipated near term capabilities of various nondestructive technologies for describing the toughness of steel pipe and pipe seams. It serves three purposes, potentially applying to three different types of users:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\t\u003cp\u003e- For staff associated with technology development, assessment, and selection, it is a re-source for development of future technology validation projects conducted by pipeline operators, service providers, or researchers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\t\u003cp\u003e- For the benefit of technology developers, it describes the priorities of the end-user (pipeline operators) with regard to the types of toughness descriptors and technology capabilities that are most highly valued.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\t\u003cp\u003e- For technical staff with limited familiarity with measurement and use of toughness data, it describes different traditional methods of measuring and using toughness test results.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe technologies reviewed include multiple variants of instrumented indentation testing, the Massachusetts Materials Technology (MMT) Blade Toughness Meter (BTM), the MMT Hardness, Strength and Ductility (HSD) method, small punch test (SPT), in-line inspection (ILI), electro-chemical methods, ultrasonic (UT) methods, and various algorithms (models). The characteristics of each technology were assessed via review of published literature and conversations with subject matter experts to determine the PRCI technology readiness level (TRL) of each technology. The capabilities of each technology were compared to the priorities and preferences expressed by potential technology users and matches and gaps between those capabilities, preferences, and priorities were identified. Recommendations for further technology development, assessment, and validation studies have been developed.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372216152142,"sku":"336465","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr703-252011-r01-road-map-activity-for-low-co2e-engine-technologies","title":"PR703-252011-R01 Road Map Activity for Low CO2e Engine Technologies","description":"\u003cp\u003eRegulatory drivers and environmental concern continue to exert downward pressure on engine emissions from pipeline compressor stations. Collaboration among government, industry, and academic entities resulted in substantial reductions in most engine emissions, but several opportunities likely remain for continued improvement. The technologies needed to achieve improvements remain unknown.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis document summarizes a collaborative effort among PRCI, key stakeholders in industry, and members of academia to create a research roadmap that intends to guide discovery of the opportunities and technologies for reduced engine emissions. The document summarizes a brief literature review conducted before an in-person workshop took place to identify the most likely research topics that target future technology development for improved engine emissions. Further, the document describes the jointly-developed roadmap and provides context to the various topics appearing on the roadmap.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe document intends to serve members of PRCI Compressor \u0026amp; Pump Station Committee, along with members of industry and academia, in identifying potential research projects that could lead to new and innovated technology that primarily seeks to improve engine emissions and efficiency, but also considers engine reliability and maintainability. The document could serve prospective research contractors seeking to contribute to PRCI's mission. Finally, the document could serve other PRCI committees should this document serve as an exemplar for roadmap development and reporting.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372216184910,"sku":"335844","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr277-254506-z01-installation-of-pipelines-by-horizontal-directional-drilling-1","title":"PR277-254506-Z01 Installation of Pipelines by Horizontal Directional Drilling","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis report is an updated version of the original engineering design guide published in 1995 by the Pipeline Research Committee (PRC) of the American Gas Association. As with the original document, it is intended to serve as a step-by-step guide for engineers engaged in the evaluation, design, and management of pipeline construction by horizontal directional drilling (HDD). Topics covered include a description of the HDD process, technical feasibility and cost considerations, surface and subsurface site investigations, drilled path design, steel pipe installation and operating stress analysis, environmental impact, construction contracts, and construction monitoring. The design guide includes two Microsoft Excel workbooks for use in analyzing HDD installation loads and stresses on steel pipe.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372216217678,"sku":"338805","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr777-253607-r01-internal-corrosion-impacts-of-renewable-natural-gas-1","title":"PR777-253607-R01 Internal Corrosion Impacts of Renewable Natural Gas","description":"\u003cp\u003eInternal corrosion of metal pipe is of upmost concern to the natural gas industry, and much effort has been devoted to understanding and controlling the mechanisms, including robust mitigation strategies. Biomethane Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) is a gaseous fuel produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic materials from a variety of biomass sources. It offers a lower-carbon addition to fuel supplies. Raw biogas produced through organic waste digestion contains methane, inert gases, oxygen, sulfur compounds, including hydrogen sulfide, moisture, and a wide variety of trace constituents, depending upon biogas source. Raw biogas must be conditioned to meet RNG quality specifications; acceptable concentrations of major components in RNG are in line with natural gas tariff requirements. Trace constituents have been identified as impactful and detrimental to end use applications, and human health and the environment. However, trace constituents that induce corrosion in metal pipes have not been clearly identified in RNG specifications, and acceptable limits for these compounds have not been established.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis report compiles information regarding known factors, components, and conditions associated with internal corrosion of natural gas metal pipe. It supplies context to the topic and background information for natural gas and RNG. Corrosion mechanisms and combined effects are described. It is clear that water is the most important factor influencing pipeline corrosion; corrosion mechanisms will not occur without the presence of water. This is true both of natural gas and RNG systems. Other major components contribute to corrosion in the presence of water, individually and in combinations, and the process is complicated and variable. Unless the pipeline system is completely devoid of water, there is no circumstance, with natural gas or RNG, which assures a corrosion-free environment. All constituents which contribute to a corrosive environment must be controlled as best possible, at all times, and well-constructed corrosion management programs should monitor internal pipe conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe transmission and distribution sectors of the natural gas industry have been introducing RNG to their pipeline network. There is a concern that trace constituents in RNG, in combination with major components in natural gas and the pipeline environment, may increase metal pipe corrosion or influence other corrosion-causing factors. Corrosion control is a primary directive for the natural gas industry; corrosion control programs serve to ensure that internal corrosion is limited and mitigated. This report is aimed at helping the natural gas industry understand components and conditions specific to RNG which may instigate, exacerbate, and\/or accelerate pipe corrosion. Natural gas transporters who accept RNG to their network seek guidance and technical information specific to the potential for increased corrosion due to particular trace constituents. Currently, internal corrosion control programs are focused on components in natural gas; this report expands the knowledge to trace constituents in RNG which may contribute to a corrosive environment. Corrosion professionals require a more comprehensive understanding of RNG impacts to corrosion. Data gaps have been identified. RNG quality specifications may require updating to limit newly identified constituents of concern.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372216315982,"sku":"335499","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr350-203605-z01-development-of-comprehensive-metal-loss-assessment-methodologies-1","title":"PR350-203605-Z01 Development of Comprehensive Metal Loss Assessment Methodologies","description":"\u003cp\u003eA comprehensive metal loss [1] assessment model was developed in a multiyear effort that enables more accurate assessment of metal loss as detected and sized using the current in-line and in-the-ditch tools as compared to existing in-line inspection assessment methods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe performance of the assessment model produced by this work was validated against 140 full-scale burst tests. Improved accuracy was achieved with reduced scatter and demonstrated regarding the burst pressure predictions over a wide range of metal loss feature geometries and pipe attributes, compared to several prevalent assessment models. The model was implemented as a Python-based software with built-in support for typical NDT data formats. The software and this report constitute the deliverables of this effort.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis accurate and precise metal loss assessment model will help pipeline operators: (1) make informed decisions about maintenance and mitigation work, which targets anomalies that pose the greatest risk and (2) save time and cost of the integrity management of metal loss anomalies through reducing unnecessary digs and repairs. The formulation of this model facilitates its use with current technology ILI metal-loss tools that rely on boxing features, as well as with future generation tools that will characterize a digital-twin of the metal-loss.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e[1] Metal loss in this report refers to metal loss due to corrosion. The terms \"metal loss\" and \"corrosion\" are used interchangeably.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWithin this zipped package is a zipped folder \"PR350-203605-S01 Metal Loss Assessment Software Tool.zip\" containing the following files related to the python implementation of the EC-2-10 metal loss assessment procedures:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e- \"PRCI Software EULA.pdf\": PRCI Software End User License Agreement\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e- \"PR350-203605-M01 Development of Comprehensive Metal Loss Assessment Methodologies - Software Manual.pdf\": user instructions file\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e- \"PR350-203605-S01-EC-2-10-MLAssessment.py\": Python script file of the tool\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e- \"requirements.txt\": dependency file compatible with the Python package installer (pip)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e- \"Single_feature_matrix_coef_v3.csv\": tabulated stress model parameters required by the tool\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e- \"check_case_list.csv\": list of check case input files; also serves as template for batch processing\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e- \"check_case_files\": folder containing input files for check cases; the check case files also serve as input templates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e- \"check_case_results.csv\": expected output file for check cases, including\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n  \u003cp\u003e-- \"13-2015-16-6.CSV\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n  \u003cp\u003e-- \"benjamin2016-IDTS13.CSV\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n  \u003cp\u003e-- \"benjamin2016-IDTS21.CSV\"\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372216348750,"sku":"334909","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr015-243901-r01-use-of-computational-pipeline-monitoring-for-gas-pipeline-leak-detection-1","title":"PR015-243901-R01 Use of Computational Pipeline Monitoring for Gas Pipeline Leak Detection","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis report explores the application and integration of computational pipeline monitoring (CPM) technology in gas transmission pipelines, a domain where its use is not yet widespread. The primary objectives of this research include assessing the current state-of-the-art in CPM technology for gas pipelines and identifying best practices for its implementation on previously unmonitored segments. CPM technologies use real-time SCADA data to detect anomalies indicative of leaks, with a focus on enhancing leak detection accuracy amidst challenges presented by gas compressibility and transient flow conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project involved surveying pipeline operators and CPM vendors to gather insights on existing practices, instrumentation capabilities, and the applicability of various CPM models, such as real-time transient models (RTTMs) and statistical analysis techniques. Key areas of investigation included the operators' experience with CPM, instrumentation configurations, and the technological requirements for effective leak detection. By capturing and analyzing these data, the research aims to provide pipeline operators with actionable guidance for the adoption and optimization of CPM systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe value of this research lies in its ability to inform and guide gas pipeline operators on enhancing safety and regulatory compliance through improved leak detection methods. CPM systems, when effectively implemented, can reduce the risk of undetected leaks, minimize false positives, and support overall pipeline integrity management. The findings and recommendations from this report are crucial for operators looking to navigate the complexities of integrating cutting-edge CPM technology into their existing infrastructure, ensuring safer and more efficient gas transmission operations.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372216414286,"sku":"333578","price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr676-233801-r05-matching-risk-treatment-to-risk-exposure-for-the-circumferential-cracking-hazard-1","title":"PR676-233801-R05 Matching Risk Treatment to Risk Exposure for the Circumferential Cracking Hazard","description":"\u003cp\u003ePipeline Research Council International Inc. (PRCI)'s Crack Management SRP has identified that circumferential cracking is challenging for pipeline operating companies. To close this gap the NDE-4-24 project aims to create a framework to identify, assess, and mitigate the risk due to circumferential cracking threats. Susceptibility to failure from circumferential cracking is linked to (1) circumferential cracks subject to increasing axial or bending strains due to secondary loading, or (2) growth in circumferential cracks at locations of residual or built-in construction strain. This project focuses on the first.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eNo single inline inspection technology can identify circumferential cracks co-located within areas of increasing axial and bending strain. While bending strains are reliably detected with inertial mapping in-line inspection (ILI\/IMU), identifying increasing strain due to subsidence or ground movement geotechnical requires separate expertise. This project combines these into a framework to estimate the risk of a pipeline failure from circumferential cracks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis work summarizes the process for evaluating risk treatment for the circumferential cracking threat, which is a key element in the circumferential crack management framework. The framework is compatible with the state-of-the-art risk methods used for other threats, intended to integrate into operators' integrity management planning, and addresses the latest regulations and best practices adhered to by the industry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eGiven the variety and limitations of current geotechnical and circumferential cracking models, not all of which are calibrated or probability-based, and the challenges in defining acceptable risk criteria, this deliverable describes methods for determining risk criteria, evaluating model effectiveness, and assessing risk treatment effectiveness.  It also aims to assist operators in determining when risk has been genuinely reduced and when models are validated.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372216447054,"sku":"334295","price":50.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr652-233815-r01-sswc-identification-and-measuring-grooving-ratio-in-the-ditch-1","title":"PR652-233815-R01 SSWC Identification and Measuring Grooving Ratio in the Ditch","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis project conducted research with an intent to improve the in-ditch NDE measurements and subsequent assessments of SSWC. To do this, pipe joints containing natural SSWC samples were sourced from multiple PRCI operator members who consented to having the pipe destructively tested (post-NDE evaluation) to obtain a truth data set against which NDE techniques' accuracies could be assessed. The SSWC characteristics observed with destructive testing were documented and formed a stand-alone data set for use both in this study and for future research. The study also evaluated previously issued industry guidance for identifying SSWC (and provides updated guidance) as well as determining the in-ditch performances for SSWC depth sizing for multiple NDE technologies. These performances were documented, and a best practice recommendation was put forward for determining SSWC groove depths for future NDE validation digs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eI\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372216545358,"sku":"333045","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr337-241108-r01-consensus-engineering-requirements-for-integrity-management-of-hydrogen-pipelines-1","title":"PR337-241108-R01 Consensus Engineering Requirements for Integrity Management of Hydrogen Pipelines","description":"\u003cp\u003eGaps have been identified in the current technical standards for integrity management of hydrogen pipelines. Integrity management of Gas Pipelines is covered by ASME B31.8S. The Pipeline Re-search Council International (PRCI) Emerging Fuels Institute (EFI) developed this project to create Consensus Engineering Requirements (CERs) for Integrity Management of Hydrogen pipe-lines. The CERs will serve as the basis for changes to ASME B31.8S to incorporate hydrogen gas and hydrogen gas blends. This report documents the CERs, and the process used to create them. The CERs will be passed to the ASME B31.8 hydrogen task group, who will progress their development into a future edition of ASME B31.8S. The CERs incorporate state of the art understanding for managing the integrity of hydrogen pipelines, drawing on the expertise of the authors and collaborators from EFI and other institutions. Once transferred to ASME B31.8S, the pipeline industry will use them for the integrity management of hydrogen and hydrogen gas blend pipelines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eReport developed under the Emerging Fuels Institute with PRCI. Document security and set such that Only EFI members can download report.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372216610894,"sku":"332694","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr186-244504-r02-guidance-for-traceable-verifiable-and-complete-documentation-requirements-1","title":"PR186-244504-R02 Guidance for Traceable Verifiable and Complete Documentation Requirements","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis document summarizes the definitions and processes related to the 'traceable, verifiable, and complete' (TVC) criteria in 49 CFR 192 as implemented by the participating pipeline operators. Participating pipeline operators provided details related to their implementation and understanding of the TVC process through written surveys, follow-up interviews and a workshop feedback meeting. The input from the operators was utilized to document both consensus implementation of TVC definitions and a unified TVC workflow.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe workflow is described in this report and includes data collection, data storage, data review, and data alignment procedures. The report also describes pipe population determination and updates as implemented following the TVC process. Throughout the report, key processes and interpretations of the TVC requirements are identified to highlight areas of consensus or partial consensus among the participating operators.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372216643662,"sku":"333591","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr644-223603-r01-developing-corrosion-control-monitoring-technology-for-hazardous-liquid-breakout-tanks-1","title":"PR644-223603-R01 Developing Corrosion Control Monitoring Technology for Hazardous Liquid Breakout Tanks","description":"\u003cp\u003eSoil-side corrosion monitoring of the aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) is challenging as access to the tank pad environment is not readily available, and the pad conditions can vary throughout the tank diameter. The objective of this work was to research and identify validated technologies to monitor the corrosion conditions under the bottoms of the breakout tanks then develop successful monitoring programs and processes. Monitoring of the undertank corrosion conditions could provide the following three critical assessments to the tank operators: (i) whether the active corrosion control methods are adequate or not, (ii) corrosivity trending of the tank pad material over time, and (iii) need for implementation of the additional corrosion control measures such as vapor corrosion inhibitors (VCIs) to mitigate corrosion. This research comprised of field testing utilizing in-service ASTs, plus laboratory testing and evaluations. Various corrosion control monitoring methods were evaluated as part of the field testing. The monitoring data from field testing was used to develop guidelines for soil-side corrosion monitoring and to develop new design concepts that can be included during the tank construction phase, or retrofitted into the tank pad of operating ASTs, and are conducive to the tank pad corrosivity monitoring. Large-scale experiments were used to determine the VCI dispersion range in highly corrosive conditions, with chloride levels being more than 100 ppm, and was found to be 15-35 ft. It was further determined that effective monitoring can be used to determine the VCI reinjection intervals. The intended audiences of the work documented in this report include AST operators across multiple industries, such as midstream operators and crude oil refineries.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372216741966,"sku":"330291","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr015-241500-r01-assessment-of-macro-scale-gas-pipeline-leak-detection-technologies-1","title":"PR015-241500-R01 Assessment of Macro-Scale Gas Pipeline Leak Detection Technologies","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis report aims to identify and evaluate technologies capable of detecting and quantifying \"super-emitter\" methane leaks, defined as emissions greater than 100 kg\/hr. These large-scale leaks are a significant contributor to total methane emissions and a growing focus for regulatory compliance. The primary goal of this project was to determine which technologies are best suited for macro-scale detection and measurement in hydrocarbon transmission and storage settings, and to develop a draft protocol for future field validation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study included a literature review to assess available technologies including drones, satellites, and large-area sensor arrays, and to examine existing test and validation frameworks. Market and operator surveys were distributed and analyzed to gather insights into current practices, technology readiness, and operational challenges in deploying existing methane leak detection technologies. Operator feedback played a key role in identifying gaps in both technology performance and validation protocols, guiding the development of a tailored evaluation framework for use in subsequent field testing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe result of this program is a detailed report outlining high-potential technologies, their operational limits, and key specifications, such as quantification range, localization capability, detection sensitivity, uncertainty, and commercial maturity. A draft testing and evaluation protocol is included to support future field validation under real-world conditions, with a rough order of magnitude cost representing the cost associated with evaluating the highest potential technologies identified in this program. This work provides PRCI members with actionable guidance to select appropriate technologies, plan field testing, and ultimately improve leak detection accuracy, regulatory compliance, and greenhouse gas mitigation efforts.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372216938574,"sku":"333138","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr723-253819-r01-critical-review-of-im-1-08-reports-white-paper-1","title":"PR723-253819-R01 Critical Review of IM-1-08 Reports White Paper","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis document is a peer review of two recent reports from PRCI Project IM-1-08, which proposes new minimum fracture toughness requirements to comply with PHMSA Mega Rule RIN1 -- 192.712. The original reports present practical recommendations for Charpy V-Notch (CVN) toughness values for vintage and modern pipeline material categories, offering some relief from the exceedingly conservative default toughness mandates in 49CFR192.712. However, these re-ports contain a controversial recommendation that the authors believe run counter to the consensus of published literature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecifically, the authors take issue with proposed toughness adjustments in IM-1-08, in which fracture toughness is assumed to decrease monotonically with relative crack depth, at, down to zero a\/t at=0.9. Empirical data for vintage pipe joints, both burst tests and prior failures, show no evidence of a significant drop in toughness for deep cracks. Accordingly, the present authors conclude that the IM-1-08 recommendations concerning crack depth effects on fracture toughness lack technical justification.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe present authors also investigated the influence of pipe metal temperature on the pressure capacity of LF-ERW pipe within the range of 0 to 70F. The study incorporated Monte Carlo simulations that accounted for variability in fracture toughness (including constraint effects), tensile properties, flaw dimensions, and flaw location (i.e., bond line versus heat-affected zone).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe target audience for this report includes pipeline operators, regulators, subject matter experts, and researchers with an interest in the crack threat. The original PHMSA Mega Rule RIN1 - 192.712 has a number of well-documented shortcomings, so there is a very strong need to modify this regulation. The present report is an important companion to the original IM-1-08 reports because it presents a different perspective on toughness rules and offers improvements on the original authors' recommendations.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372217004110,"sku":"332362","price":50.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr350-234508-r01-technology-transfer-fitness-for-service-standard-api-579-1-asme-ffs-2","title":"PR350-234508-R01 Technology Transfer Fitness-for-Service Standard API 579-1 ASME FFS-1","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis project is intended to facilitate the technology transfer from PRCI research results and other published work to the fitness-for-service (FFS) standard API 579-1\/ASME FFS-1. The covered PRCI research results include: (1) crack\/flaw interaction rules and (2) fatigue crack growth rates as expressed by Paris law constants for axially oriented flaws\/cracks. The other published work includes: (1) incorporation of weld strength mismatch into stress-based FFS assessment and (2) guidance on performing Level 3 FFS assessment for pipelines subjected to high longitudinal\/axial strains.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary target audience is the API 579-1\/ASME FFS-1 committee, whose actions would be needed to adopt the recommendations in this report into the API 579-1\/ASME FFS-1 standard.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372217036878,"sku":"329165","price":50.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"pr719-243812-z01-addendum-to-api-1163-performance-validation-guidelines-crack-and-dent-1","title":"PR719-243812-Z01 Addendum to API 1163 Performance Validation Guidelines Crack and Dent","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe addendum summarizes additions to the Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet tool developed in project number IM-1-06 for the practical implementation of the measurement performance validation methodology outlined in the API RP 1163 2021 Edition (API 1163-2021). The addendum covers the following new features:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e- Crack and Dent Assessments: the spreadsheet has been updated to consider the additional data columns and attributes necessary to assess the ILI measurement performance of cracks and dents. The updates include incorporating field measurement errors, the ability to input both length and depth measurements, and handling data subsets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e- Measurement Error Model: field measurement error is characterized by a ratio of the ILI to field error. The ILI is modelled as having either a systematic bias or a linear regression to true dimensions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e- Subset Data: multiple subsets of data can be analyzed separately. Incorporating data sub-sets allows operators to compare the measurement performance for categories of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e- Simplification of the Probability of Identification: POI has been simplified by assuming the field-identified anomaly type is correct. The POI is calculated for each anomaly type in the dataset. Only reported anomalies are included in the revised POI calculation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e- Expansion of Level 2 and Level 3 Tests: the null hypothesis and tolerance interval estimate methods have been expanded to perform retrospective analysis of the Level 2 test and one-sided Level 3 tests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e- Burst Pressure Comparison: the spreadsheet has been updated to include additional data inputs for comparing the Failure Pressure Ratio (FPR) estimates derived from ILI measurements and field measurements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe five (5) files included in this zipped deliverable package are:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e1) PR719-243812-R01 Addendum to API 1163 Performance Validation Guidelines - Crack and Dent.pdf\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e2) PR719-223803-R01 API 1163 Performance Validation Guidelines.pdf\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e3) PR719-223803-M01 API 1163 Performance Validation Guidelines Spreadsheet User Guide.pdf\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e4) PR719-243812-E01 API 1163 Performance Validation Spreadsheet Tool.xlsx\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e5) PRCI Spreadsheet EULA.pdf\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PRCI Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44372217102414,"sku":"329409","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]}],"url":"https:\/\/prci-store.myshopify.com\/collections\/public-reports.oembed?page=108","provider":"PRCI Store","version":"1.0","type":"link"}